Amateka n’ibigwi by’Intwari z’u Rwanda

Intwari z’u Rwanda ziri mu byiciro bitatu ari byo Imanzi, Imena n’Ingenzi.

Imanzi

Imanzi ni icyiciro cy’intwari zitakiriho. Ni intwari zakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa byo kwitangira igihugu kugeza aho zitanga n’ubuzima bwazo.  Iki cyiciro kirimo intwari ebyiri ari zo Gisa Fred Rwigema n’Umusirikare utazwi.

Ingabo itazwi izina

Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranyijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.

Ingabo itazwi izina ihagarariye Ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.

Imva y’Ingabo itazwi izina ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro gihebuje abana b’u Rwanda bitanze, baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo.

Major General Rwigema Fred

Fred Gisa Rwigema yavukiye i Mukiranze, mu Murenge wa Nyamiyaga mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 10 Mata 1957.

Ni mwene Anastase Kimonyo na Gatarina Mukandilima. Yashakanye na Jeannette Urujeni, basezerana ku wa 20 Kamena 1987. Babyaranye abana babiri, ari bo Gisa Junior na Gisa Teta.

Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990 i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, agwa ku rugamba amaze gutangiza intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda.

Mu 1960, we n’ababyeyi be bahungiye muri Uganda bajya mu nkambi ya Nshungerezi, mu karere ka Ankole, nyuma y’ubugizi bwa nabi no kumenesha Abatutsi nk’igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda mu cyo ubutegetsi bw’icyo gihe bwise impinduramatwara yo muri 59, yabanzirijwe n’urupfu rw’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, n’ihirikwa ry’ingoma ya murumuna we Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.

Mu bwana bwe, Fred Rwigema yakundaga kwibaza icyatumye iwabo bava i Rwanda n’icyabuze kugira ngo basubireyo. Yakundaga gusoma ibitabo by’abaharaniye kubohora ibihugu byabo nka Kwame Nkrumah, Mao-Tse-Tung na Fidel Castro

Fred Gisa Rwigema amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye muri Uganda yagiye muri Tanzania ajya gukurikirana imyitozo ya gisirikare na politike.

Mu 1976, yayikomereje muri Mozambike, ari kumwe n’abandi mu mutwe wa FRONASA bari hamwe n’indi mitwe bafashwa na Mwalimu Julius Nyerere nka Zanu, Zapu, ANC, KM na FRELIMO.

Mu 1979, Rwigema yinjiye mu barwanyi ba Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA), bafatanya n’ingabo za Tanzania gufata Kampala bahirika ubutegetsi bwa Idi Amin Dada.

Mu 1981, kandi yatangiranye na Kaguta Museveni intambara yo kurwanya igitugu cya Obote.

Maj.Gen. Fred G. Rwigema yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye muri NRA nko kuba Uwungirije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo (Deputy Army Commander), Minisitiri wungirije w’Ingabo (Deputy Minister for Defense) n’Umugaba Mukuru w’imirwano (Overall Operations Commander).

Muri iyo mirwano yose yo mu mahanga, muri byose yahozaga u Rwanda ku mutima, adahwema kuvuga ko “kubohora u Rwanda ari ngombwa”.

Imena

Imena ni icyiciro kiyinga Imanzi, gishyirwamo abantu bakoze ibikorwa bihebuje, bakarangwa no kwitangira igihugu mu buzima bwabo bwuzuyemo ubunyangamugayo.

Intwari z’ Imena ni Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre, Rwagasana Michel, Uwilingiyimana Agatha, Niyitegeka Félicitén’ abanyeshuri b’i Nyange.

Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre

Yavukiye i Nyanza, mu Karere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo muri Werurwe 1911. Ni umwana w’Umwami Yuhi wa IV Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi Redegonde.

Mutara III yimitswe ku ngoma na Guverineri Voisin abifashijwemo na Musenyeri Classe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 1931, Se Musinga amaze gukurwa ku ngoma ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1931.

Kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1933, yashakanye na Nyiramakomali, batana mu bya 1940, nyuma ku wa 18 Mutarama 1942 ashakana na Rosaliya Gicanda, ntiyabyaranye na bo.

Ku wa 17 Ukwakira 1943, yabatijwe na Musenyeri Léon Classe, yitwa Charles Léon Pierre, abyarwa mu batisimu na Guverineri Mukuru wa Kongo Mbiligi na Rwanda-Urundi, Bwana Pierre Ryckmans, abatiranwa na nyina, umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Kankazi wiswe Radegonde.

Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yaharaniye guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.

Yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera, abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage cyane cyane abato bato.

Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda: ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba Abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga amashuri adashingiye ku madini, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.

Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga. Yaje gutanga ku buryo butunguranye ku ya 250 Nyakanga 1959, atangira i Bujumbura.

Michel Rwagasana

Yavukiye i Gitisi na Nyamagana mu Karere ka Ruhango mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu 1927.

Mu 1956, yashakanye na Suzana Nzayire, babyarana abana batatu.
Hagati ya 1945 na 1950 yize muri Groupe Scolaire ya Astrida bitaga shariti, ahakura impamyabumenyi mu by’ubutegetsi (Diplôme d’Assistant Administratif).

Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye yose yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye. Yabaye umukozi wa Leta Mbirigi i Bujumbura, yabaye umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho muri 1954 yabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa.

Kubera guharanira ubumwe, ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri, yabaye umunyamabanga wa mbere wa UNAR ajya mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda zaruhagariraga mu bindi bihugu no muri Loni.

Michel Rwagasana yatanze urugero ruhebuje rwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu aho kwita ku ze bwite kuko aba yaremeye politike y’irondakoko agahabwa umwanya ukomeye mu Rwanda rwari rutegetswe na mwene Se wabo Gerigori Kayibanda nka Perezida wa Repubulika.

Uwiringiyimana Agathe

Yavukiye i Gikore mu Karere ka Gisagara mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 23 Kamena 1953.

Ni mwene Ntibashirakandi Yuvenali na Nyirantibangwa Saverina.
Yashakanye na Barahira Ignace mu 1976, babyarana abana batanu.

Yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere w’umugore kuva ku wa 17 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza ku wa 7 Mata 1994 mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ubwo yishwe n’abari ingabo z’igihugu.

Uwiringiyimana yagize umutima wa kigabo arwanya akarengane k’iringaniza mu gihe yari Minisitiri w’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye.

Intwari Félicité Niyitegeka

Yavukiye i Vumbi mu Karere ka Huye mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu 1934. Ni mwene Sekabwa Simoni na Nyirampabuka Angelina.

Yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi. Musaza we Colonel Nzungize yari yamutumyeho ngo asezerere izo mpunzi maze ave muri icyo Kigo agisigemo ba nyagupfa. Ni byo yanze mu ibaruwa yuzuye urukundo n’ubutwari yandikiye uwo musaze we.

Mu mibereho ye, Niyitegeka Félicité yerekanye bwa butwari bwa buri munsi mu mirimo umuntu aba ashinzwe, haba mu byerekeye kwigisha no kurera, mu gucunga umutungo w’ibigo yakozemo, haba mu kuyobora abinjiraga mu muryango w’abafasha b’ubutumwa no gufasha abatishoboye. Ibyo byose yabigiranye ubushobozi bwinshi bagenzi be bakabimwubahira kandi bakabimukundira.

Kuba intangarugero yari yarabigize umuco, ni cyo cyamufashije mu kwemera kwitangira abari baramugannye ahitamo kwicwa aho kugwa mu ngengabitekerezo y’ivanguramoko.

Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange

Abagizwe intwari ni abari mu cyigo cy’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu igihe abacengezi bateraga icyo kigo, ari abapfuye ari n’abatarapfuye iryo joro ndetse n’abakiriho.

Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemera guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura.

Babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko, urugero rw’urukundo, rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Ingenzi

Nta ntwari yari yashyirwa muri iKi cyiciro. Haracyakorwa ubushakashatsi bwo kugira ngo bemezwe.