Hari abakobwa basambanyijwe batarageza ku myaka y’ubukure, bagaterwa inda, bavuga ko nubwo ababahohoteye bagezwa imbere y’ubutabera, bo basigara bahanganye n’ibibazo byo kurera abana bonyine, badafite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubitaho cyangwa ubufasha bwo kongera kwiyubaka. Bamwe muri aba bakobwa bo mu Karere ka Bugesera bavuga ko nyuma yo gutanga ibirego, nta bufasha buhoraho babonye bwo gukomeza amashuri, kwiga imyuga cyangwa kubona ibibatunga n’ibitunga abana babyaye.
Iki kibazo kigaragaza ko gukurikirana no guhana uwakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ari intambwe ikomeye mu gutanga ubutabera, ariko bidahagije mu gukemura ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ziterwa n’iryo hohoterwa.
Yasambanyijwe afite imyaka 17, ubu arera umwana wenyine
Mukangenzi Janvière, izina ryahinduwe mu rwego rwo kurinda umwirondoro we, ni umwe mu bakobwa batuye mu Murenge wa Nyamata, mu Karere ka Bugesera, bavuga ko ubuzima bwabo bwahindutse nyuma yo gusambanywa bagaterwa inda.
Avuga ko yari afite imyaka 17 ubwo umusore yamushukaga ngo amusure, amubwira ko hari impano yamugeneye. Agezeyo, yamufungiranye mu nzu aramusambanya.
Ati: “Nari mfite imyaka 17, ubu mfite 20. Umuhungu yaraje ambwira ngo njye kumusura iwe. Yambeshye ko hari impano agiye kumpa. Ngezeyo ahita anyinjiza mu nzu, arakinga, aransambanya.” Janvière avuga ko yatanze ikirego, anatanga amafoto y’uwamukoreye icyaha, bituma aza gufatwa n’inzego zibishinzwe.
Icyakora, avuga ko nyuma yo kubyara yakomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’imibereho, kuko nta bushobozi yari afite bwo kurera umwana.
Ati: “Nta bundi bufasha nabonye. Imbogamizi nahuye na zo ni ukurera umwana njyenyine, nta muntu mfite wamfasha.”
Uyu mukobwa avuga ko yifuza kwiga umwuga w’ubudozi, agahabwa n’imashini idoda kugira ngo abone icyo akora kimwinjiriza amafaranga yo kwita ku mwana we.
Si Janvière wenyine uvuga ko yahuye n’ibi bibazo. Uwikunda Jeannette, na we wahinduriwe izina, avuga ko yasambanyijwe agaterwa inda afite imyaka 17, nyuma yo gushukwa n’umusore wari waramusezeranyije ko bazabana.
Ati: “Banteye inda mfite imyaka 17. Twahuye n’umuhungu aranshuka ngo tubane, aransambanya antera inda, arigendera.”
Jeanette avuga ko yatanze ikirego, ariko nyuma yo kubyara atigeze abona ubufasha buhagije bwo kwita ku mwana we.
Ati: “Nyuma yo kubyara nta wakomeje gukurikirana uko meze. Nirerera umwana wanjye. Ntawigeze angeraho ngo agire icyo amfasha, kuko nari nzi ko bamufunze byarangiye.”
Uwingabire Amina, izina ryahinduwe, na we avuga ko yasambanyijwe agaterwa inda afite imyaka 16, bikozwe n’umugabo yakoreraga akazi ko mu rugo.
Ati: “Nabyaye mfite imyaka 16. Uwo mugabo naramukoreraga, hanyuma aza kunsambanya anantera inda.”
Amina avuga ko uwo mugabo yari yaramwemereye kumufasha kurera umwana, ariko nyuma akaza kumubwira ko nta mafaranga afite. Avuga ko yagerageje kumusaba ubufasha inshuro nyinshi, ariko aza gucika intege.
Ati: “Naravuze nti ‘ese njyewe ni njye uzajya uhora mu buyobozi?’ Nahisemo kwemera kubaho mu buzima butari bwiza, aho gukomeza kumuhamagara kuko namuhamagaraga akanyihorera.”
Ubuhamya bw’aba bakobwa batatu buhurira ku kuba barahuye n’ibibazo byo kwita ku bana babyaye, mu gihe bavuga ko ubufasha bari bakeneye nyuma y’ihohoterwa butabagezeho.
Kutamenya uburenganzira bwo gusaba indishyi
Me Ibambe Jean Paul, umunyamategeko, avuga ko abana bakorewe icyaha cyo gusambanywa bafite uburenganzira bwo gusaba indishyi z’akababaro, ariko ko hari abatazisaba kubera kutamenya amategeko cyangwa uburyo bwo kuzikurikirana.
Ati: “Kimwe no mu bindi birego, indishyi zitangwa iyo hari uwaziregeye. Ariko ntabwo bashobora gutegeka indishyi nta muntu waziregeye.”
Uyu munyamategeko avuga ko ari ngombwa ko abahohotewe n’imiryango yabo basobanurirwa uburenganzira bafite, bakanahabwa ubufasha mu gukurikirana imanza.
Ati: “Icyo twakangurira abantu ni uko igihe hari umwana wasambanyijwe, bajya bakurikirana imanza kugira ngo bashobore gutanga ikirego cy’indishyi z’akababaro.”
Ingingo ya 38 y’Itegeko Nº 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10 Nzeri 2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina iteganya ko uwakorewe iryo hohoterwa cyangwa undi muntu ryagizeho ingaruka afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba indishyi.
Nubwo amategeko ateganya ubwo burenganzira, kubona indishyi bishobora kugorana igihe uwahamwe n’icyaha adafite ubushobozi bwo kuzishyura.
Diane Gihozo, umunyamategeko ukora mu Muryango Uharanira Iterambere ry’Ubuzima (HDI), avuga ko hari igihe inkiko zitegeka indishyi, ariko uwahamwe n’icyaha akaba nta mutungo afite wo kuzishyura.
Ati: “Hari icyuho tugifite kuko rimwe na rimwe usanga mu bantu basambanya abana, iyo urebye imitungo n’ubushobozi bafite, usanga badafite ubushobozi bwo gutanga indishyi bategetswe n’urukiko.”
Gihozo asanga hakenewe uburyo burambye bwo gufasha abana basambanyijwe, by’umwihariko abatewe inda, kugira ngo ingaruka z’ihohoterwa zitazabakurikirana ubuzima bwabo bwose.Avuga ko usibye indishyi, hakwiye kwitabwa ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, imibereho, gukomeza amashuri cyangwa kwiga imyuga, ndetse no gufasha ababyaye kurera abana babo.
Ati: “Nubwo uwasambanyije umwana akurikiranwa mu butabera agahanwa, hakwiye no gukurikirana ubuzima bw’uwo mwana nyuma y’urubanza, harimo kumwitaho mu buzima bwo mu mutwe.”
Yongeraho ko hakenewe ubuvugizi kugira ngo habeho ubufasha bwihariye bugenerwa abana bahuye n’iri hohoterwa, cyane cyane abafite abana barera. Kutitabwaho bishobora gutuma uwahohotewe akomeza kugira ibikomere byo mu mutwe, akumva adashyigikiwe n’umuryango cyangwa n’abaturage.
MIGEPROF ivuga ko hari uburyo bwo gufasha abahohotewe
UMUTONI Aline, Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe Iterambere ry’Umuryango no Kurengera Umwana muri Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango (MIGEPROF), avuga ko abana basambanyijwe, baba baratewe inda cyangwa batayitewe, bagomba kwitabaza Isange One Stop Center kugira ngo bahabwe ubufasha bukomatanyije.
Ati: “Isange One Stop Center itanga serivisi zikomatanyije, zirimo iz’ubuvuzi, isanamitima n’ubujyanama.”
Asobanura ko nyuma yo guhabwa izo serivisi, hakorwa isuzuma ry’ibyo uwahohotewe akeneye, birimo gusubizwa mu muryango, gufashwa gukomeza amashuri cyangwa kubona ibyangombwa byo kurera umwana yabyaye.
Ibyavuye muri iryo suzuma bishyikirizwa ubuyobozi bw’akarere kugira ngo bufatanye n’abafatanyabikorwa mu gushaka ubufasha bukenewe.
Ati: “Akarere ni ko gafite inshingano zo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abakorewe ihohoterwa bose, ariko ntabwo akarere kabikora konyine.”
UMUTONI avuga ko gusubiza abahohotewe mu buzima busanzwe bisaba ubufatanye bw’inzego za Leta, imiryango itari iya Leta, imiryango y’abahohotewe n’abaturage.Ashimangira ko ubufasha budakwiye kugarukira ku kugeza uwakoze icyaha imbere y’ubutabera, ahubwo ko hakwiye no kurebwa imibereho y’uwahohotewe. Ati: “Icya mbere nabwira ababifitemo uruhare bose ni uko gusubira mu buzima busanzwe k’uwahohotewe ari inshingano zacu twese.”
Nubwo MIGEPROF isobanura ko hari uburyo bwo gukurikirana no gufasha abakorewe ihohoterwa, abakobwa baganiriye na Igire.rw bavuga ko batabonye ubufasha bari bakeneye nyuma yo kubyara. Ibi bigaragaza ko hakenewe kurushaho gusuzuma niba serivisi n’ubufasha biteganyijwe bigera ku babikeneye, by’umwihariko abana basambanyijwe bagaterwa inda.
Amategeko ateganya ibihano bikomeye
Mu Rwanda, gusambanya umwana ni icyaha gihanwa bikomeye n’amategeko.
Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4 Ukuboza 2023, rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, riteganya igifungo cy’imyaka iri hagati ya 20 na 25 ku muntu uhamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Icyo gihano gishobora kugera ku gifungo cya burundu bitewe n’imyaka y’uwakorewe icyaha cyangwa ingaruka zikomeye z’icyo cyaha.
Icyakora, mu gihe guhana uwakoze icyaha bigamije gutanga ubutabera no kurengera umwana, ubuhamya bw’abakobwa baganiriye na Igire.rw bugaragaza ko hari ibindi bibazo bisigara bitarakemuka.
Kuri aba bakobwa, ubutabera ntibugarukira ku guhana uwabahohoteye. Bakeneye no kubona ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka, gukomeza ubuzima bwabo no kurera abana babyaye.
Ni yo mpamvu gukurikirana imibereho y’abahohotewe nyuma y’urubanza, kubafasha kubona indishyi no kubagezaho serivisi z’isanamitima n’iterambere ry’imibereho bikwiye kujyana no gukurikirana ababakoreye ibyaha.
Yanditswe na Bigenimana Didier
