Mu gihe u Rwanda ruri mu muvuduko wo kwagura imijyi n’imyubakire igezweho, ahenshi hahoraga hakinirirwa n’abana n’urubyiruko haragenda hazimira. Ibi ntibibangamira imyidagaduro gusa, ahubwo bituma impano za siporo zitavumburwa hakiri kare, bikagira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abana no ku hazaza ha siporo y’igihugu.
Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kwihuta mu iterambere ry’imijyi n’imyubakire, hari impungenge z’uko iri terambere rishobora kuba ririmo gusiga inyuma ahantu h’ingenzi hakuriramo impano z’abana. Kubura ibibuga n’ahantu ho gukinira mu ngo, mu midugudu no ku mashuri si ikibazo cy’imyidagaduro gusa, ahubwo ni ikibazo gifite ingaruka ku hazaza h’impano za siporo, ku buzima bw’abana no ku bukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange.
Umujyi wa Kigali ukomeje gutera imbere ku buryo bugaragara cyane mu myubakire igezweho, no Muntara niko bimeze
Jean Pierre Sibomana, kuri ubu ageze mu kigero cy’imyaka 35, yibuka ku myaka ye 15 bamwita Katauti, umukinnyi mu ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru y’u Rwanda, Amavubi, wari ugezweho icyo gihe. Ni izina urungano rwe rwo mu Murenge wa Karama mu Karere ka Nyagatare rwamwise kubera kumenya gucenga, kandi akanyuzamo agatsinda ibitego. Agira ati “Mu kibuga nacengaga umuntu bose bagakomera rimwe amashyi banyogeza bati ‘Katauti’, nta kubeshye nta muntu n’umwe mu bari banzi washidikanyaga ko nari umukinnyi mwiza, n’ubwo twakiniraga mu mihanda cyangwa mu tubuga tudafashije two mu cyaro.”
N’ubwo Sibomana ahamya ko iyo aza kuba yaragize amahirwe yo kwiga nibura amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa agatura mu mujyi aba yaragize amahirwe yo gukina mu makipe akomeye, kuri ubu ababazwa ko aho batuye mu mudugudu, abana badafite aho bashobora gukinira, n’iyo haba ku muharuro. Ati “Kera twakuraga twisanzuye tugakina umupira iwacu ku muharuro, mu mbuga cyangwa mu muhanda, abakobwa ugasanga barakina za tayari, abandi basimbuka umugozi hakaba n’ubwo wasangaga dukinana imikino imwe n’imwe nk’agati, ubute cyangwa gusimbuka urukiramende. Ariko ubu rwose, kubera imyubakire igena ko umuntu atarenza metero 20 kuri 15, usanga abana badafite aho binyagamburira.”
Ni ikibazo kiri hafi ya hose, kuko no mu Mujyi wa Kigali usanga ababyeyi bataka ko abana bamwe basa n’abari mu bwigunge, bihugiraho kubera kutabona aho bahurira na bagenzi babo ngo bakine. Jean Pierre Ndayambaje utuye mu Kagari ka Kabeza mu Murenge wa Muhima avuga ko inzu yubatswe kuri bene uwo mwanya isigarana parikingi y’imodoka imwe cyangwa ebyiri gusa, bigatuma abana babura aho bakinira. Ati “Mu ngo nyinshi abana ntibakigira aho bakinira. N’iyo bashaka gukina umupira muto biragorana.”
Kubura ibibuga birazimya impano
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko niba nta ngamba zihutirwa zifatwa, inzozi zo kongera kubona u Rwanda rufite abakinnyi bakomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka ba Katauti, Olivier Karekezi, Desire Mbonabucya n’abandi zishobora gukomeza gusigara mu bitekerezo aho kuba impamo.
Ni mu gihe mu myaka isaga makumyabiri n’itanu ishize, abana bakibona aho bakinira bitabagoye, nko
mu ngo, ku mihanda itari yuzuye imodoka, ku mashuri no mu masambu, wasangaga biboroheye kubona uko bakina.
Abana bari hagati yimyaka 5 na 11 baba bakina imikino itandukanye (Abana barimo gukina biye ariko nabwo kubona ahobakinira nikibazo)
Impuguke mu mikurire y’abana zigaragaza ko imyaka iri hagati ya 5 na 11 ari ingenzi cyane mu kuvumbura no gukuza impano. Iyo abana badafite aho bakinira bisanzuye, biragora ko impano zabo zigaragara cyangwa zigakura neza. Uretse kubura aho bakinira, no ku mashuri menshi usanga ikiruhuko ari gito kandi rimwe na rimwe nta bibuga bihari.
Elie Uwizeye wo mu Kagari ka Musezero mu Murenge wa Gisozi avuga ko siporo ishobora kuba isoko y’akazi ku rubyiruko. Ati “Dushobora kubura akazi kubera ubukene bw’igihugu, ariko birababaje kubura n’ituruka ku mpano z’umubiri wacu. Abakinnyi bo ku rwego mpuzamahanga binjiza amafaranga menshi, bakabasha gutunga imiryango yabo no kuzamura igihugu.”
Bamwe mu babyeyi bahamya ko kera siporo yari ishingiye ku baturage. Habagaho amarushanwa y’imihanda, imidugudu n’amashuri, bigatuma impano zigaragara hakiri kare.
Mugabo Maulidi wo mu Karere ka Nyarugenge avuga ko umwana yavaga iwabo agasanga bagenzi be bakinira ku muhanda “nta mpungenge z’imodoka cyangwa inyubako nyinshi, ariko ubu banateye agapira kamena ibirahuri by’inzu z’abandi.” Nka we na Rehema Mukobwa wo mu Karere ka Kicukiro yibuka ko amashuri yagiraga amakipe ahoraho kuko “abarimu bafataga siporo nk’igice cy’uburere. Hejuru yo gukina ngo bidagadure, Abana bigaga gutsinda no gutsindwa, gukorera hamwe no kugira ishyaka.”
Uyu munsi, bamwe mu batoza bavuga ko kubura ibikorwa remezo ari imbogamizi ikomeye. Amakipe menshi nta bibuga afite, n’aho biri bikaba bidahagije cyangwa bitameze neza. Ibi bireba imikino itandukanye nk’umupira w’amaguru, basketball, volleyball, handball, rugby n’indi. Abakina koga bo bafite imbogamizi zikomeye kuko amashuri afite piscine ari mbarwa.
Umutoza wo mu Ikipe ya Intare FC avuga ko inkunga n’ibikoresho biboneka gake, bigatuma imyitozo idahoraho. Ati: “Hari abana bafite impano zidasanzwe, ariko kubura aho gukorera no kubura amarushanwa bituma bacika intege.”
Icyuho mu bikorwa remero bya siporo
Ni mu gihe amashuri nka La Petite École afata siporo nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’imikurire y’umwana. Impuguke zaryo zigaragaza ko gukina bifasha abana guteza imbere imikaya, imitekerereze, gukorana n’abandi no kwigirira icyizere. Rivuga kandi ko gukora siporo hakiri kare bifasha abana kuvumbura impano zabo no kuzikuza mu buryo butabangamira amasomo yabo.
Mu Rwanda, nko mu mashuri y’abihayimana, gukina ni itegeko, ndetse no mu maseminari, umunyeshuri utarimo gukina ashobora guhanwa cyangwa kwirukanwa.
Uzziel Manirareba, umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda akaba n’impuguke mu by’ubuzima bw’imitekerereze ya muntu, avuga ko umwana ubona umwanya uhagije wo gukina n’aho gukinira hatamuhutaza akura atekereza neza kandi bikamufasha no gutsinda amasomo. Agira ati“Gukina bituma umubiri ukora neza kandi bikaruhura ubwonko. Umwana wakoze siporo ntushobora kumusanga yigunze cyangwa ngo arangwe n’umunabi.”
Minisitiri wa Siporo, Nelly Mukazayire
Minisitiri wa Siporo, Nelly Mukazayire, yemeza ko siporo ari imwe mu nzira zifasha urubyiruko kubona imibereho no kongera ubushobozi bw’igihugu. Mu biganiro n’Abadepite ku wa 19 Gashyantare 2026, yavuze ko ibihembo mu marushanwa ya siporo mu mashuri bigiye guhinduka bikava ku mafaranga gusa bikajya ku byubaka ejo hazaza, nko kubakira ishuri ryatsinze ikibuga cyangwa kurigenera ibikoresho. Ati“Ntidushaka ibihembo by’amafaranga gusa. Turashaka ibihembo bikora impinduka nk’ishuri ryabaye irya mbere tukaryubakira ikibuga, tukariha ibikoresho.”
Muri gahunda ya Leta yo kwihutisha iterambere (NST2), hateganywa kubaka ibikorwa remezo bya siporo 540 bitarenze mu 2029, hagamijwe kwegereza abaturage ibibuga cyane cyane mu mashuri no mu bice bituwe cyane.
Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwa CLADHO bwo muri Kamena 2025 bwakorewe mu bigo by’amashuri 120 mu turere 13 bwagaragaje ko 55% byabyo nta bibuga byo gukiniraho bifite.
Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa CLADHO, Dr. Safari Emmanuel, avuga ko siporo yasigajwe inyuma mu igenamigambi ry’amashuri. Ati “Hubakwa amashuri ariko ugasanga ibijyanye na siporo byarirengagijwe. Nyamara siporo ifite umumaro ukomeye mu buzima bw’umwana n’imyigire ye.”
Ku rundi ruhande, MINEDUC yemera ko hari icyuho mu kubonera abana aho bakinira, igashishikariza ibigo gusaranganya ibibuga bihari no gukoresha n’ibibuga byo ku mirenge no ku nsengero. Rose Baguma, Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Politiki y’Uburezi muri MINEDUC, ati “Dushishikariza abantu gusaranganya ibihari. Iyo hateguwe neza, ibigo bibiri bishobora gukoresha ikibuga kimwe. Hari n’ibibuga byo ku mirenge no ku nsengero twakoresha ku bufatanye.”
Hagati aho, mu 2021, ku bufatanye na AFD, Minisiteri ya Siporo yahawe inkunga ya miliyoni 1.5 z’amayero binyuze muri gahunda “AFD-Isonga” igamije guteza imbere impano z’abana.
Kugeza ubu, Minisiteri ya Siporo irimo kurera impano z’abanyeshuri 722 mu mikino itandukanye; mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka, abagera kuri 555 bahurijwe i Huye mu “Isonga Training Camp” bakorerwa imyitozo ku bibuga bya GSOB na Karubanda.
Abana bafite impano zitandukanye bari mumyitozo
Atangiza iyi myitozo, Minisitiri Mukazayire yavuze ko “Isonga Training Camp” ari inkingi ikomeye mu kubaka ejo hazaza ha siporo y’u Rwanda, itangirira mu mashuri, mu bato.
Nubwo hari gahunda zitangiye gushyirwaho, abasesenguzi basanga igikenewe kurushaho ari uguhuza iterambere ry’imyubakire no kubungabunga ahagenewe siporo. Bitabaye ibyo, impano z’abana zizakomeza kuzimira mu gihe igihugu kizaba gikomeza kuzamuka mu nyubako ariko kigatakaza ahategurirwa abakinnyi b’ejo hazaza.
Mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru bakora inkuru ku myubakire n’ibikorwaremezo, Umuvugizi w’Umujyi wa Kigali, Emma Claudine Ntirenganya, yavuze ko mu mitunganyirize y’umujyi igezweho, site z’imyubakire zubakwa na Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa zishyirwamo n’ibikorwaremezo bya siporo kugira ngo abana n’abahatuye babone aho bakinira.
Uruhare rw’ababyeyi n’abikorera
Nubwo Leta ari yo isabwa uruhare runini, ariko na none ababyeyi nabo barasabwa uruhare rwabo. Abana bose ntibavamo abakinnyi baserukira amakipe runaka. Ariko gukina ni uburenganzira bw’umwana. Ababyeyi bafite inyubako zabo, bashobora kugena umwanya abana bakiniramo udukino dusanzwe, kubafasha gukora imyitozo se muri wikendi (weekend) bajyana nabo bakaba bakwirukanka, n’ibindi byose byabafasha kuruhuka mu mutwe.
Ikindi uko imigi igenda ikura, ni nako abashoramari bagombye no gushora nabo ubwabo mu bikorwaremezo, cyane ko iyo bicunzwe neza ababikoresha bakabibyaza inyungu, hashyirwaho amasaha yo gukina ku byiciro bitandukanye by’abakina, birimo abishyura nk’abakuze baba bari mu gikorwa cyo kurwanya ubusaza nk’uko bakunze kubyita, n’abatishyura cyane abato baba bakina bagamije gukuza impano.
Abana bakunda gukina ariko aho bakinira harabuze (iyi foto twifashishe AI)
Yanditswe na:
Oswald Niyonzima
